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Ball-bearing, The (Author-Bouabdellah)
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��
Technicum Si-Tarek Of Relizane
�First Year Students
�Scientific Streams 2005/2006
�Practice:
�
�*��The Ball-bearing� *�
SECTION ONE: Comprehension.
�
Read the following dialogue then do the activities below.
�
Ball-bearing
�
Since man began to need to move things, he has used round rollers to make the job easier. Probably the first rollers were sticks or logs,
which
were a big improvement over dragging things across the ground, but still difficult work.
In 1794, Welsh ironmaster Philip Vaughan invented a device which made the task of moving things much easier.
It
was the
ball-bearing
.
Ball-bearings
are mechanical devices to support the axle of a carriage. Development continued in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, encouraged by the advancement of the bicycle and the automobile.
There are thousands of sizes, shapes, and kinds of
rolling bearings
; ball-bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, and tapered roller bearings are the major kinds. Sizes run from small enough to run miniature motors to huge bearings used to support rotating parts in hydroelectric power plants.
In these bearings, the rolling part is a ball, which rolls between inner and outer rings called races. The balls are held by a cage, which keeps
them
evenly spaced around the races. In addition to these parts, there are a lot of optional parts for special bearings, like seals to keep oil or grease in and dirt out, or screws to hold a bearing in place.
Almost all parts of all
ball-bearings
are made of steel. Since the bearing has to stand up to a lot of stress,
it
needs to be made of very strong steel.
The cage for the balls is traditionally made of thin steel, but some bearings now use molded plastic cages, because they cost less to make and cause less friction.
Ball-bearings
will be used for many years to come, because they are very simple and have become very inexpensive to manufacture.
�
Adapted from MADEHOW.COM
ACTIVITY 01:
What or who do the underlined words in the text refer to?
�� 1.� �
which
were ��������=>
�� 2.� �
It
was the �����������=>
�� 3.� keeps
them
evenly ��=>
�� 4.� �
it
needs ���������������=>
ACTIVITY 02:
Find in the text words or expressions that are close in meaning to the following.
�� 1. Advance �1��� =
�� 2. Very small �3 =
�� 3. Separated �4� =�
�� 4. Support �4 ���� =
ACTIVITY 03:
Answer the following questions according to the text.
�� 1.� What did man use to move things in the past?
���
�� 2.� What was Philip Vaughan's job?
���
�� 3.� What does the cage serve to?
���
�� 4.� What are the parts of the ball-bearing?
���
�
SECTION TWO: Mastery Of Language.
ACTIVITY 01:
Complete sentence �
B
� so that it has the same meaning as �
A
�.
�� 1.
A
� A CD Rom is circular in shape.
�� ���
B
�
�circle.
�� 2.
A
� What shape is a CD Rom?
�� ���
B
� How
�� 3.
A
� A matches box is 4 cm long, 3 cm wide and 1 cm deep.
�� ���
B
�
�
has
�� 4.
A
� A microscope consists of many parts.
�� ���
B
�
�
is
�
ACTIVITY 02:
Order the words to make a correct sentence.
���
are / Ball-bearings / easier. / for / making / mechanical / of / parts / the / movement / used
���
�
ACTIVITY 03:
Choose the correct pronunciation of the final '
ed
' in the following verbs.
������������ 1-spaced
/t/
/d/
/id/
����������� 2-
continued
/t/
/d/
/id/
������������ 3-used
/t/
/d/
/id/
������������ 4-invented
/t/
/d/
/id/
�������� 5-
encouraged
/t/
/d/
/id/
��������� 6-
tapered
/t/
/d/
/id/
������������ 7-called
/t/
/d/
/id/
�
�
SECTION THREE: Writing.
����������
Write a paragraph to describe the object below. Tell, as far as possible,�about its shape, dimensions, materials, different components and their shape, dimensions and materials.
�
You can do this at home.
The reading passage can help.
�
�